There are safe and effective options for treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in children and teens. Factors your child’s health care provider will consider when choosing a treatment include the age of your child, severity of disease, location, and response. Know your options and work with your child’s health care provider to find the treatment that gives the most relief for your child’s symptoms.
The overall goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms associated with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis to achieve clear or almost clear skin, minimize or prevent joint damage, or achieve remission of disease (meaning the disease is in control and symptoms no longer impact your child’s quality of life). It may take time to find the right treatment, dose, and management routine for your child. Keep in mind:
Factors your child’s health care provider considers when identifying a treatment, in addition to the age of your child, include:
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How much your child’s body is affected by psoriasis or the degree of joint pain and impact on quality of life will determine what treatments your child’s health care provider will start with. The more severe the skin disease is or if joints are affected, systemic treatments may be recommended, whereas minimal skin disease may use topical treatments.
The areas affected by psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis may also determine the choice of treatment. Psoriasis can be considered severe even if it affects a small area like the face, hands, feet, or genital area. This is due to the impact on quality of life where the location may make it difficult to function. Also, different treatment options are considered for areas where the skin is thinner such as the face (which is common in children), skin folds, or genital area. It is possible that a combination of treatments may need to be used, such as a systemic to treat overall inflammation and a topical to help clear psoriasis plaques on the face or stubborn areas that need a little extra help.
The Treat to Target goal for psoriasis is to get your child's psoriasis down to 1% body surface area (BSA) or less in 3 to 6 months after starting a new treatment. It is also acceptable to see a 75% improvement at this time. However, do not be frustrated if this does not happen. Continue to work with your child’s health care provider to identify a treatment plan for your child. It could include increasing the dose, adding another medication, or switching to a new medication. Remember, no one treatment works for everyone. Some medications may work for a while then stop working. Speak with your child’s health care provider about available treatment options and when to expect to see improvement. Ask your child about their preferences to ensure the treatment plan is one they can follow.
Treatment options include topicals, phototherapy, oral systemics, biologics, and biosimilars. While not all treatments for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are approved by the FDA for use in children and teens, some medications can and have been used off-label at the discretion of your child’s health care provider. Your child’s health care provider should let you know if the medication is considered off-label. Off-label use means the medication has been tested and used successfully in adults for years but limited evidence is available in children and teens. Research continues to evolve with more treatment options being approved for children and teens. Treatment options include:
Topical treatments can be applied to the skin or scalp and are used to help moisturize the skin, relieve itch and pain, reduce inflammation, and/or slow the high rate of cell growth that occurs in psoriasis. Topicals are available either over-the-counter or by prescription and come in many forms such as lotions, creams, ointments, sprays, foams, or shampoos. Not all topicals can be placed in every location such as areas with thinner skin (i.e. the face or genitals). Some topicals may also be used in combination with other treatments. Some examples of topicals for use in children or teens include:
Tips: Teens typically prefer treatments that are less greasy. For younger children, offer praise and small rewards like stickers or a small treat when they apply creams and can see their skin improve. For more information about topicals and tips for helping children use topicals contact the Patient Navigation Center to receive the free Parent Guide or topicals treatment booklet.
Also called light therapy, the most common type used in children is narrow-band Ultraviolet B or UVB. Light therapy uses ultraviolet (UV) light to penetrate the skin and slow the growth of areas affected by plaque and/or guttate psoriasis. Used under the supervision of a health care provider, phototherapy is given in the provider’s office or at home with instructions from a health care provider. UVB can be used to treat the whole body or smaller more targeted areas like the hands or feet. Expect light therapy treatments to occur two or three times a week. Once the skin clears, less frequent maintenance treatments will be needed. Phototherapy can be used in combination with other treatments.
Tips: Younger children may have some difficulties using phototherapy. Ask your health care provider if they have experience working with children using phototherapy and if you can introduce your child to the photo booth in advance of treatment to help prepare them for what to expect and that it is safe to use.
Note: Phototherapy light is different from using a tanning booth light which should not be used to treat psoriasis. Natural sun exposure with direction from a health care provider can be used to help treat psoriasis. However, be sure to follow instructions from your health care provider and use sunscreen or clothes to help cover unaffected areas.
Oral treatments are medications in pill form taken by mouth. Some medications act more broadly throughout the body while others target specific cells or parts of a cell involved in the development of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Oral systemic treatments are prescribed for children and teens when psoriasis is more severe and response to topical treatment or phototherapy hasn’t worked. They are also prescribed when joint involvement (psoriatic arthritis) is present. The goal of oral treatments is to control and attain clearance or minimal disease activity and then the dose is usually reduced to a maintenance level. The main options that are used off-label with different dosing schedules include methotrexate, cyclosporine, and acitretin.
Tips: Written plans may help, especially when a combination of treatments is used. For a younger child, write out the plan provided by your child’s health care provider in colors. For a teen, post the plan in a spot where they’ll see it every day. Find more information about oral systemic treatments.
Biologics and biosimilars are medications made from living cells that are given as an injection or intravenous (IV) infusion. A biosimilar is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved biologic product that is very similar to an already FDA-approved biologic. This already approved biologic is known as the reference product. Biologics and biosimilars target specific parts of the immune system that play a role in psoriatic disease. The FDA has approved a few biologic and biosimilar treatments to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in children and teens which include:
Biologics and biosimilars have been proven to be very effective treatments. Additional biologics approved for use in adults are currently in clinical trials for children and teens. This offers the potential for additional treatment choices in the future. Learn more about clinical trials.
Tips: You may need to explain to your child that sometimes medications take time to work and not to get frustrated. Offer praise when you can see a difference to help reinforce that the lesions are getting better.
Find more information about biologics and biosimilars, or request the “Treatments for Children and Teens” fact sheet from the Patient Navigation Center.
Factors to consider when your child is using a biologic or biosimilar:
For any of the medications mentioned, it is important to be aware of potential side effects along with the benefits of any treatment plan. Discuss the benefits and side effects of the medication with your child’s health care provider. It is possible that some medications require routine lab tests. Be sure your child is aware of the possible side effects that could occur and to alert you if any changes occur. Some medications may reduce the inflammation that comes with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, which will help decrease risks associated with related health conditions (called comorbidities).
Work with your health care provider and child as a team to identify a treatment plan your child can follow. Working as a team, you can help your child manage their psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis to live a healthy life. Keep trying to find the medication that works for your child.
Contact the Patient Navigation Center if you need help finding a doctor to treat your child or to order booklets about different treatment options.
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Last updated by the National Psoriasis Foundation 1/18/2024.
1. Joint American Academy of Dermatology-National Psoriasis Foundation guidelines of care for the management and treatment of psoriasis in pediatric patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jan. 2020;82(1):161-201. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.049
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