Alternative approaches
The following treatments are complementary and alternative substances or techniques reported to be beneficial for people with psoriatic arthritis.
Glucosamine and chondroitin
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements are used to slow the progression and reduce the pain of osteoarthritis (the deterioration of cartilage between joint bones). Both glucosamine and chondroitin occur naturally in the body. Glucosamine is thought to promote the formation and repair of cartilage. Chondroitin is believed to promote water retention and elasticity in cartilage and inhibit enzymes that break down cartilage. Over-the-counter glucosamine and chondroitin supplements contain these substances extracted from animal tissue.
The National Institutes of Health conducted the first multicenter clinical trial in the United States to test the effects of glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT) tested whether glucosamine and chondroitin used separately or in combination are effective in reducing pain and improving functional ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Researchers found that for a subset of study participants with moderate-to-severe pain, glucosamine combined with chondroitin sulfate provided statistically significant pain relief compared to placebo. For participants in the mild pain subset, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate together or alone did not provide statistically significant pain relief.
Very few side effects have been reported for these supplements, and the long-term safety is fairly well established. They should not be taken by women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant, or by children.
Glucosamine has been shown to increase blood sugar levels in diabetics. If you have diabetes, consult a doctor before taking glucosamine.
Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM)
MSM, or methylsulfonylmethane, is a natural chemical found in plants, fruits, vegetables and grains, but it is destroyed when food is processed by the body. It is a natural sulfur compound, and sulfur is needed by the body to maintain healthy connective tissue and joint function. MSM is also said to relieve pain and have anti-inflammatory properties. No one knows how it works or why it seems to relieve pain in some people.
MSM is available at health food stores as a dietary supplement. There is very little scientific data on the benefits, side effects or safety of MSM. The long-term effects are unknown. MSM should not be taken by individuals with sulfa allergies.
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e)
SAM-e is a stabilized, synthetic form of a chemical produced naturally in all animals. It helps the body make and regulate hormones, cell membranes and neurotransmitters that affect mood. It also contributes to the building blocks for cartilage and is involved in making glutathione, which the liver uses to remove toxins such as alcohol.
While SAM-e can be bought over the counter, the long-term effects have not been adequately studied nor has the right dose been established. It is recommended that use of the supplement be first discussed with your doctor.
Magnet therapy
Therapeutic magnets for relieving pain have become more popular in recent years. While there are several theories as to why magnets might be effective, no one is absolutely sure how they work. Dozens of companies market magnets in the form of coin-size patches; bandage-like adhesive strips; magnets tucked into splints, braces or wraps; facial masks; car seats; shoe insoles; sleeping pads; and mattresses.
Unpleasant side effects reported with magnet use include headache, insomnia and body pain. Pregnant women should not use magnets because of the unknown risk to the unborn fetus. People with pacemakers should not use magnets because of the possibility of triggering a cardiac arrest.
Updated November 2006
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